Digital cameras are cameras that use the digital photography process to create and store images (such as film cameras) rather than to take pictures and store them on a chemical film.

Modern compact digital cameras are often multifunctional and contain several devices that can record sound and video in addition to photos. In this case, the device is also called a digital camera. There are more digital cameras on the market today than 35mm film cameras.

Image resolution

The resolution of a digital best camera is limited by a camera sensor (usually a CCD or CMOS sensor) which responds to optical signals and replaces traditional film work. The sensor is made up of millions of “cubes” that charge in response to light. Overall, each of these cubes has a color filter, so it only responds to a limited range of light wavelengths. Each of these cubes, called a pixel, uses mosaics and interpolation algorithms to combine images at each wavelength per pixel range into an RGB image. In RGB images, three images per pixel represent full color.

The CCD device transfers the load to the A / D converter via the circuit. Depending on the number of bits in the converter, you will get an image with more or less different colors. For example, if a single bit is used, it has the values ​​0 and 1 and can only indicate the presence or absence of light. It means a pure black and white image.

CMOS devices, on the other hand, contain many transistors in each pixel. The digital conversion process takes place in the sensor structure itself, so no additional converter is needed. The production process is simplified and cameras using this technology are cheaper. The number of pixels that generate the image determines the size of the image. For example, an image 640 pixels wide by 480 pixels tall would have 307,200 pixels, or approximately 307 kilo pixels. An image 3872 pixels high by 2592 pixels wide will have 10,036,224 pixels, or approximately 10 megapixels. Based on the photographic experience of experts in this field, they confirmed that chemical photos taken with compact cameras will be photos with a resolution of 30 megapixels.

Image quality

Often, only the number of pixels is displayed to indicate the resolution of the camera, which is a misconception. There are several factors that affect sensor quality. These factors include sensor size, lens quality, pixel composition (for example, monochrome cameras without a Bayer filter mosaic have a higher resolution than regular color cameras), and the dynamic range of the sensor. Many compact digital cameras have been criticized for having too many pixels due to the small size of the sensors they contain. Increasing the pixel density will decrease the sensitivity of the sensor. Each pixel is so small that it collects very few photons. Therefore, the sensor must be additionally illuminated to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio. This reduced sensitivity often causes frame noise, poor shadow quality, and poor image quality in low light.

Image capture method

The heart of a digital camera is the CCD image sensor. Since the introduction of the first digital cameras, there are three main ways to capture images, depending on the hardware configuration of the sensor and color filters. These methods are as follows:

The first method, called single shot, refers to the number of times a camera review is exposed to light that passes through the lens. The single-image system uses three independent image sensors (one for each of the additional red, green, and blue primary colors) to expose the same image through a Bayer CCD or optical system.

The second method is called multi-shot because the sensor is exposed to the image through a series of three or more lens hood openings. There are several ways to apply this technique. The most popular was originally to use a single image sensor with three filters (again red, green, blue) on the front of the sensor to get additional color information. Another multi-shot method uses a single CCD with a Bayer filter, but shifts the physical position of the sensor in the focal plane of the lens to produce an image with a higher resolution than the CCD allows. The third version combines the two without the use of a Bayer filter on the sensor.